European History Essay

European History Essay European History Essay The Irish Unrest An Irish defiance in 1798, prompted Ireland getting fused into the United Kingdom. This implied Ireland was presently ruled by English standard. The constituents of Ireland partitioned into two principle gatherings; the patriots, who bolstered an autonomous republic, and the moderates, who supported the association. The Act of Union of 1801 started oppression religions, discussion over English impact, and disobedience from occupants that supported an autonomous republic. Religion was a primary issue that reached a critical stage when the Act of Union of 1801 was incorporated. Protestants that initially settled in Ireland started to out lash at the administration for not joining religion into the constitution. Report 2 references Protestants asserting legacy of the constitution because of their predecessors battle for a Protestant government. Despite the fact that Protestants guaranteed a Protestant government, Document 9 references four regions that are generally overwhelmed by Roman Catholics. Protestants didn't just guarantee the constitution, however reflected antagonistic vibe onto Catholicism. The Nationalist columnist, William Bulfin, in Document 10 accepted that with a Protestant government, Catholicism would stop to exist in the nation. In spite of devotees of Protestant guideline, Document 11 references that others contended that since Protestants were not the lion's share they were not more powerful than different minorities. When the assoc iation shaped, English impact and rule become a gigantic piece of Ireland and how the nation worked. The moderate party, despite the fact that the minority, accepted that home guideline would at last lead to the decimation of the nation and put the traitorous, untrustworthy, and thriftless individuals in control. As Documents 7 and 12 reference the results of home guideline, Document 1 clearly expresses that Ireland’s achievement rests in the possession of English principle. John Wilson Croker, in Document 5, accepted that all humanized and fruitful parts of Ireland were immediate impacts of English’s effect on Ireland.

Snitch †a Film Review Essay Sample free essay sample

On-screen character Dwayne â€Å"The Rock† Johnson gives a ground-breaking open introduction in the activity play Snitch hole in theaters this end of the week. The film. in view of genuine narratives. takes you on a tension filled drive under the OK method of commended stand-in Ric Roman Waugh. In spite of the fact that the film supplies understanding about how the justness framework functions. the troublesome thumps account adds a group of ‘Hollywood’ . As the film opens. we discover 18-year-old Jason Collins ( Rafi Gavron ) addressing his best sibling on Skype about a pack he will be coordinating to him. The FBI is at that place when Jason gets the pack fusing satisfactory medications to procure him captured. Having been set up by his companion. Jason gets rushed off to a close by confinement focus. Sylvie Collins ( Melina Kanakaredes ) calls her ex John Matthews ( Dwayne Johnson ) at his pulling organization and fills him in on what has occurred. After bite the destining with Jason and a lawyer. We will compose a custom article test on Nark †a Film Review Essay Sample or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page they discover that the sentence for his mistaken creation is an obligatory 10 mature ages because of the whole of medications. On a second visit to talk with Jason. John gets more data on how he was set-up by his companion and notification he has been manhandled by prisoners. He chooses to run into with U. S. Lawyer Joanne Keeghan ( Susan Sarandon ) with an end goal to get his son’s sentence diminished pre-preliminary. Keeghan discloses to him that the solitary way it very well may be done is if Jason turns face to face who has been associated with tranquilize dealing. Jason denies cognizing anybody and will not mislead procure one of his companions to take the harvest time. At the point when John goes to Keeghan with a program that he will happen a medication ring and help her bring it down as an end-result of a lighter sentence. she thinks he’s voyaging nuts. The film has a strong mystery plan. yet, a little unimaginable that Matthews could really draw off what we observer in the film. The one thing that’s clear ; in any case. what befell Jason could go on in existent life and blending to a PBS â€Å"Frontline† docudrama. it did. So as to get off with a lighter sentence on his terminal. Jason’s pal set him up as his solitary flight. The universe, all things considered, is devastate toing and sets up the request of what might you make? In this film Matthews cherishes his kid bounty to make it for him. I am completely overwhelmed with Dwayne Johnson’s moving in Snitch. Expecting this extreme character that we have seen in his past films like Fast Five and Faster. the antonym here turns into an extremely decent adjustment. Matthews winds up made up for lost time in one of the most risky condition of affairss of his life. however, he lets the FBI work the occasion consulting his second thoughts and their perception of constabulary strategies. In spite of the fact that he doesn’t abstain from bringing penalty back. he’s all the more a pawn to the constabulary. Bing a standout amongst other trick work powers in the worry. chief Ric Roman Waugh makes surely he has sufficient blasts in the film and on the off chance that you have seen the film slacker you comprehend what I mean. There’s a brief interest scene that negatively affects vehicles and a 16 Wheeler that’s energizing and irresponsible as probably the best. As a side note. it must hold been intense for Waugh to hold back Johnson from hindering abnormal. be that as it may, the film would non hold worked on the off chance that he hadn’t. Fink has been evaluated PG-13 by the MPAA for sedate substance and arrangements of power. It’s likely a decent film for youngsters to mid-twentiess as an oculus opener on how great you know your companions. how far you will go to help one. what the impacts are for illicit medication possession and keeping up in song with family.

Come Together

Come Together Part One: Getting people together. Abstract. In our investigation of the hypothesis wanting something doesnt make it real, we find one physically significant counter-example to this premise. Lets start from the beginning. There exists a popular webcomic called xkcd. Its creator: Randall Munroe. Generally the comic is true to its tagline. Its nerdy, its cute, itll make you cringe, itll break your heart. Sometimes its even entirely relatable. Due to the overwhelming popularity of the webcomic here at MIT, he was extended an invitation to speak on campus, which he accepted. The event filled up 10-250, our second (third?) largest lecture hall, and there was a line at the door. I hope you get the idea. Hes kind of a big deal around here. Then one day there was this: I had a dream that I met a girl in a dying world. In it was embedded a set of coordinates and a date. The coordinates, it turns out, pointed to a park here in Cambridge and the time was September 23rd, 2007 at 2:38pm. It became a phenomenon. Fans all around the world speculated about the time and place. People booked plane tickets. Can wanting something badly enough really make it real? This was two weeks ago. I went, along with a great many people I know. Media covering the event reported that there were nearly a thousand people who flocked to the park, who came from as far away as Russia. Though it was sufficiently clear that the event was about meeting like-minded people, Randall made a guest appearance, carrying whiteboards of the comic with the last frame missing. The instruction was to write a new ending. Overall, a pretty cool idea. Filling in the huge last frame Make sure you back up your assertions with reliable sources. Me on the jungle gym Randall amidst throngs of adoring fans Part Two: Taking a Stand. Burma (officially Myanmar) is a country of 50 million people. Crowning almost two decades of political dissatisfaction and unrest under the crippling rule of the military junta, the nation is yet again reeling from its newest wave of violence. This time, 20,000 monks marched in peaceful protest and once again, the government has launched a violent suppression. Read more about the story here. In light of the recent tragedies, Amnesty International (MIT Chapter) held a candlelight vigil to spread awareness and send prayers for peace in Burma. The event was held on October 3rd. I posted these two seemingly contrasting events together because theyre not all that different. There are a lot of people out there who believe in the same things you do and sometimes it takes a little push to find them. Theres power in numbers, and theres a lot of good left to be done in this world. The remainder of this entry will be pictures from the vigil. If this is the kind of thing that matters to you, you should consider attending some of these events. Thanks for reading -Lulu

Feminism in South Park - 3208 Words

1. Introduction South Park has been around for a while now. Since it was aired for the first time on 13th August 1997, the show has constantly pushed the boundaries taking on everything, leaving out nothing. The reception among the wider population and the media had a wide range from â€Å"shocking† to â€Å"excellent†. One of the aspects of this success story is that, because of its provocative tone the show has managed to stay in the limelight. Public debate was evolving around certain episodes, bringing more and more attention to the show. As it was constantly picking up contemporary themes, topics or events, expectations were growing and â€Å" How will South Park deal with x has become a common catch phrase† (Johnson-Woods 257). Another†¦show more content†¦Words like â€Å"bitch†, â€Å"whore† â€Å"chicks† or â€Å"cunt† are seen as generalizing terms for women, used to degrade their status within in the series and thereof for women i n real life. This assumption might be conceivable, as most women in the TV-show are far from using comparable phrases to describe men. There are simply less words which would have the same descriptive and generalizing effect as the above-mentioned terms used for women. However, women in South Park are not expelled from using derogatory and vulgar language. Robin Lakoff wrote in his book Language and Woman ´s Place that little girls should not use rough language like boys because this would not enhance their status and prestige among men within the patriarchal system. In fact it would expose females to ridicule and ostracising (5). Within this scope South Park makes a feminist stand in â€Å"Tom’s Rhinoplasty† (episode 11 of the first season). When Wendy Testaburger is, driven by jealousy to the new class teacher Ms Ellen approaching her after class to have a word with her, she just explodes with furious swearing and threatening. Wendy: Miss Ellen, can I talk to you Ms. Ellen: Of course Wendy. Wendy: I couldn’t help but notice that you taking a liking in my boyfriend Stan Ms. Ellen: Well I’ve taken a liking in all of you. You’re all so young and cute and full of life. Wendy: Can I tell you something Miss Ellen. Ms Ellen: Of course you can Wendy.Show MoreRelatedOil Crisis715 Words   |  3 PagesIt was devastating this past week to begin to understand the detrimental environmental and economic effects of oil companies focusing production in the Global South. The extent of pollution of natural resources essential to basic survival and livelihood is the result of large extranational companies being able to exercise corporation sovereignty in the context of nations and communities with little infrastructure and economic support in place. 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It is a theory that best represents the need for equality among the sex es. Women are often seen in most societies as domestic maternal beings resigned to being home while menRead MoreAnalysis Of Patricia Hill Collinss Critical Race Theory726 Words   |  3 Pagestheir male counterparts. There are many women who have made a major contribution to the development of modern day sociology. Patricia Collins is a well-known sociology professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her work focuses on several issues concerning issues with feminism and gender in the African American community. She has discussed topics on socioeconomic status, which ties into â€Å"the new racism†. â€Å"The new racism† basically is disenfranchising voters and driving politics by economicRead MoreThe Medias Presentation of Common Stereotypes739 Words   |  3 Pagesand disempowering of the stereotyped social group. 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Tobacco Smoking Is The Largest Single Preventable Cause Of...

Overview ‘’ Tobacco smoking is the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia† (Cancer Council, 2006). The 2003 Australian Burden of disease study considers tobacco smoking as a leading cause of disease burden in Australia (Begg S, 2003). Anti-Cancer Council of Australia conducted its first national survey which shows that during the middle of last century, large numbers of males aged 16 and over were smokers and compared to females. However, in the following decades, the prevalence of smoking decreased among males due to publicity regarding health effects of smoking which first started in 1950s and early 1960s (Gray N and Hill D, 1975). According to the survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of statistics in†¦show more content†¦These campaigns include media- based and other strategies to raise awareness among public about risk associated with smoking. â€Å"Australia has been considered as a world’s leader in production and broa dcasting of mass media campaigns to reduce smoking and first employed tobacco control mass media campaign in 1970s†. During 1980s, mass- media led anti-smoking campaign was conducted in Sydney and Melbourne (Pierce JP, 1986) . During the first year of the campaign, Sydney showed a marked decrease of 2.5 % in prevalence of smoking rate (Dwyer T, 1986). A similar result was seen in Melbourne campaign in its first year of campaign. This decline continued over the next 4 years for men in both cities (Pierce JP M. P., 1990). In Australia, led mass media campaigns have resulted in reduction in prevalence of smoking both in terms of smokers to quit smoking and in reducing the uptake of smoking among children. National Tobacco Campaign: During 1980s and early 1990s a steady reduction in smoking prevalence was observed, therefore a National Tobacco campaign was developed (Hill DJ, 1998). This campaign targeted smokers aged 18- 40 years. The evaluation of National Tobacco campaign shows significant reduction in prevalence of smoking among Australian adults (AIHW, 2005) . A decline from 23.5 % in May 1997 to 20.4% in November 2000 was seen in campaign survey (Wakefield M, 2004). Overall the campaign survey shows

Literary Tools of a Writer Free Essays

The world is full of writers of all kinds: novelists, biographers, copy writers, and even floggers. Every so often, one of those writers will rise above the rest and become a great author?but what exactly does that take? Many qualities have to come together in one person to make his or her writing great, so having the idea for a story alone is not enough; great writers also have to possess talent and originality as well as the dedication required to see a story through to the end. Anyone can tell a story, but it takes special talent to tell a story beautifully and engagingly. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Tools of a Writer or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a reader, my favorite stories are always the ones that draw me in with descriptive language, imagery, and metaphors used skillfully by the authors. One example is F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, which I loved reading because of Fitzgerald talent for using literary devices. In one chapter, he describes a valley full of ashes, but instead of simply calling it what it is, Fitzgerald creates a much more interesting and inspiring description: â€Å"This is a valley of ashes?a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where she take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of ash-gray men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (23). Rather than Just telling you that the valley is full of ashes, Fitzgerald shows you with his words, creating images in your mind of a gray, ashy valley through his expert use of metaphors and similes. This mastery of figurative language is one of the most important parts of being a great writer, because it is what separates a simple story, like one that you would tell from day to day, from a literary masterpiece. How to cite Literary Tools of a Writer, Papers

Things Fall Paper Essay Example For Students

Things Fall Paper Essay In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, women of the Ibotribe are terribly mistreated, and viewed as weak andreceive little or no respect outside of their role as a mother. Tradition dictates their role in life. These women arecourageous and obedient. These women are nurturers aboveall and they are anything but weak. In the novel Things FallApart, Okonkwo has several wives. He orders them aroundlike dogs. They are never to question what they areinstructed to do; they are expected to be obedient. Weclearly see this early in the story, when Okonkwo bringsIkemefuna into his home. Okonkwo tells his senior wife thatIkemefuna belongs to the tribe and that she is expected tolook after him. She in turn asks him if he will be staying withthem for a long period of time. This sends Okonkwo into afury. He snaps at her in a very degrading manner, Do whatyou are told woman. When did you become one of thendichie (meaning elders) of Umuofia?(pg.12) Clearly shereceives no respect. Later in the story we see this woman tryto comfort Ikemefuna. She mothers him as if he is one ofher own children. She tries to put him at ease and can almostinstinctively feel how much he miss es his own mother. In keeping with the Ibo view of female nature, the tribeallows wife beating. Okonkwo beats his youngest wifeone-day because she was visiting with a friend and did notget home in time to prepare a meal for him. Another one ofhis wives tries to cover for her when she is questioned as towhether or not the youngest wife has fed the children beforeshe left. Certainly she does this in effort to protect theyoungest wife, knowing full well what she faced. Okonkwodoes not let them down, he beats his youngest wife severelyuntil he is satisfied. Even in spite of pleas from his otherwives reminding him that it is forbidden to beat your wifeduring the Week of Peace. Okonkwo will faceconsequences, not for beating another human being, but onlybecause of his timing. He beats his second wife when sherefers to him as one of those guns that never shot. When asevere case of wife beating comes before the egwugwu, hefinds in favor of the wife, but at the end of the trial a manwonders w hy such a trifle should come before theegwugwu(pg.83). The husband considers his wife as aproperty. He either wants his wife back or his bride price. The omniscient narrator acknowledges a near-invisibility ofwomen in Things Fall Apart. Describing a communalceremony, he confesses, It was clear from the way thecrowd stood that the ceremony was for men. There weremany women, but they looked on from the fringe likeoutsiders(pg.77). They are not invited to stay when men areengaged in any discussion; they are not included in council ofwar; they do not form part of the masquerades representingthe judiciary and ancestral spirits. Okonkwo views women to be weak and foolish. He has adifferent expectation for men and women. This can be seenclearly by the way that he raises his children. He tries hisbest to train Nwoye to be strong and brave while he feelssorry that Ezinma is a girl. Okonkwo knows that Ezinmahas the right spirit, but he does not try to make her to bebrave or strong. He favors her the most out of all of hischildren, yet if Ezinma had been a boy he would havebeen happier(pg.69). This kind of contradiction comes upin the novel repeatedly. Those practical, daily life examplesof how Okonkwo views women play an important role inshowing Okonkwos real drive for his behaviors. Fromthose examples, we can see that Okonkwo hates anywomens characteristics because they remind him of hisfather. He is afraid of becoming like his father. He hates thefact that his father is so unsuccessful; therefore, he does notwant to be like his father. The underlying theme for thoseexamples is not to show that Okonkwo does not respectwomen at all. In fact they are used to show that Okonkwodoes respect women for their ability if he does not fear tobecome like his father. Unoka is considered agbala, an untitled man or a woman. .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .postImageUrl , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:hover , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:visited , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:active { border:0!important; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:active , .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6 .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0438f8779aa20ef49376a2870a10bba6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Banking Industry Analysis Essay We will write a custom essay on Things Fall Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Yam, of smaller size and lesser value than other yams, isregarded as female. Osugo has taken to title; and so, in agathering of his peers, Okonkwo unkindly tells him, Thismeeting is for men(pg.22). Guilt-ridden after murderingIkemefuna, his surrogate son, Okonkwo sternly reprimandshimself not to become like a shivering old woman(pg.56) this he considers the worst insult. Such extreme accent onmanliness, sex-role stereotyping, gender discriminations, andviolence create an imbalance, resulting in denigration of thefemale principle. Achebe shows that the Ibo nonetheless assigns importantroles to women. For instance, Chielo, the priestess of theOracle of the Hills and Caves, who in the ordinary life is awidow with two kids and Ekwefis friend. Clothed in themystic mantle of the divinity she serves, Chielo transformsfrom the ordinary; she can reprimand Okonkwo and evenscream curses at him: Beware of exchanging words withAgbala. Does a man speak when a God speaks?Beware!(pg.89) Yet if Okonk wo is powerless before agoddesss priestess, he can, at least, control his ownwomen. Women, also, painted the houses of the egwugwu. Furthermore, the first wife of a man in the Ibo society is paidsome respect. This deference is illustrated by the palm wineceremony at Nwakibies obi. Anasi, Nwakibies first wife,had not yet arrived and the others (other wives) could notdrink before her(pg.16). The importance of womans roleappears when Okonkwo is exiled to his motherland. Hisuncle, Uchendu, noticing Okonkwos distress, eloquentlyexplains how Okonkwo should view his exile: A manbelongs to his fatherland when things are good and life issweet. But when there is sorrow and bitterness he findsrefuge in his motherland. Your mother is there to protectyou. And that is why we say that Mother isSupreme(pg.116). The only glory and satisfaction thesewomen enjoyed was being a mother. They receive respectand love from their children. They are strong for theirchildren. Women are viewed to be very gentle and caring. They are expected to take care of their children with thebest of their ability. Women are trusted totally by theirchildren. This honorable presentation of women is used byAchebe to identify womens role in the Ibo society. Thispresentation is necessary to show that women indeed playan important role in society.

Elmer Gantry essays

Elmer Gantry essays The majority of all books are trash. Sinclair Lewis Elmer Gantry is a great book because it has credibility, a timeless theme, and it has the necessary action. Any book that can do that is a great book. The credibility of Elmer Gantry is something that will keep this book eternally great. Although the actual time period is dated, the plot is not dated. Most people can relate to the different characters in the book. Elmer is a pompous football player who thinks that he is higher than any religion. However, people try, and successfully convert him. He attempts to please two masters at first: his vices and God. He eventually makes the decision to live by God, but of course he will occasionally fool around with his old vices, especially adultery. Most people know someone who is like this and still somehow succeeds although he shouldnt have. Although Elmer is more extreme than the people the reader is likely to know, he is still a very credible characters. Another thing that makes this a timeless novel is that it has the needed action to attract the reader who only wants entertainment. Elmer often gets into fights that will keep the reader in the edge of their seat. He will face odds that most would run away from, but also has times when he backs down from a fight, such as when Brother Naylor and Brother Bains confront him about fooling around with Lulu. It also has enough opportunities for the modern person to think about sex although it doesnt graphically say what happens. This makes all the sex scenes up to the reader which may dismiss them or relish on them. A book with this combination of sex and violence makes it a book that it is even suitable for easy reading for the person who does not want to learn anything. Finally, Elmer Gantry is a timeless book because it has a universal theme: humans will always sin. It is most obviously seen through Elmer, although it is seen in other...

USS California (BB-44) during World War II

USS California (BB-44) during World War II Entering service in 1921, USS California (BB-44) served the US Navy for over a quarter century and saw combat operations during World War II (1939-1945). Dubbed The Prune Barge due to the large volume of the fruit exported by California in the early part of the 20th century, the battleship was the second vessel of the Tennessee-class and was severely damaged during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Raised from the harbors mud, it was repaired and heavily modernized. Rejoining the fleet in 1944, California took part in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific and played a central role in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. Though hit by a kamikaze in early 1945, the battleship was quickly repaired and returned to action that summer. Remaining in the Pacific through the end of the war, California later helped transport occupation troops to Japan. Design USS California  (BB-44) was the second ship of the  Tennessee-class of battleship.  The ninth  type of dreadnought battleship  (South Carolina, Delaware, Florida,  Wyoming,  New York,  Nevada,  Pennsylvania,  and  New Mexico) built for the US Navy, the  Tennessee-class was intended to be an enhanced variant  of the preceding  New Mexico-class.  The fourth class  to follow the Standard-type approach, which required ships to possess  similar operational and tactical attributes,  the  Tennessee-class was propelled  by  oil-fired boilers rather than  coal and employed an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor arrangement.   This armor scheme  called for critical  areas of the ship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored.  Also, Standard-type battleships were required to have  a  minimum top speed of 21 knots and a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less. Designed after the  Battle of Jutland, the  Tennessee-class class was the first to utilize the  lessons learned in the engagement.  These included enhanced armor below the waterline as well as fire control systems for both the main and secondary batteries which were placed on top of two large cage masts.   As with the  New Mexico-class, the new ships carried twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets and fourteen 5 guns.  In an improvement over  its predecessors, the main battery on the  Tennessee-class could elevate its guns to 30 degrees which increased the weapons range by 10,000 yards.  Ordered on December 28, 1915, the new class comprised two ships: USS  Tennessee  (BB-43) and USS  California  (BB-44). Construction Laid down at the Mare Island  Naval Shipyard on October 25, 1916, construction of California advanced through the winter and following spring when the  US entered  World War I.  The last battleship built on the West Coast, it slid down the ways on  November 20,  1919, with Barbara Zane,  daughter of California  Governor William D. Stephens, serving as sponsor.  Completing construction,  California  entered commission on August 10, 1921,  with Captain Henry J.  Ziegemeier in command.  Ordered to join the Pacific Fleet, it immediately became this forces flagship. USS California (BB-44) shortly after completion in 1921. US Naval History and Heritage Command USS California (BB-44) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Mare Island Naval ShipyardLaid Down:  October 25, 1917Launched:  November 20, 1919Commissioned:  August 10, 1921Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  32,300  tonsLength:  624.5 ft.Beam:  97.3  ft.Draft:  30.3  ft.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,083  men Armament (as built) 12  Ãƒâ€" 14 in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 3)14 Ãâ€" 5 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Over the next several years,  California  participated in a routine cycle of peacetime training, fleet maneuvers, and war games.  A high-performing ship, it won the Battle Efficiency Pennant in 1921 and 1922 as well as Gunnery E awards for 1925 and 1926.  In the former year,  California  led elements of the fleet on a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand.  Returning to its usual operations in 1926, it underwent a brief modernization program in the winter of 1929/30 which saw enhancements to it anti-aircraft defenses and additional elevation added to its main battery.   Though largely operating out of San Pedro, CA during the 1930s,  California  transited the Panama Canal in 1939 to visit the  Worlds Fair in New York City.  Returning to the Pacific, the battleship took part in Fleet Problem XXI in April 1940 which simulated a defense of the Hawaiian Islands.  Due to increasing tensions with Japan, the fleet remained in Hawaiian waters after the exercise and shifted its base to Pearl Harbor.  That year also saw  California  selected as one of the first six ships to receive the new RCA CXAM radar system.  Ã‚  Ã‚   World War II Begins On December 7, 1941,  California  was moored at the southernmost berth on Pearl Harbors Battleship Row.  When the Japanese attacked that morning, the ship quickly sustained two torpedo hits which caused extensive flooding.  This was worsened by the fact that many watertight doors had been left open in preparation for an impending inspection.  The torpedoes were followed by a bomb hit which detonated an  anti-aircraft ammunition magazine.   A second bomb, which just missed, exploded and ruptured several hull plates near the bow.  With the flooding out of control,  California  slowly sunk over the next three days before settling upright in the mud with just its superstructure above the waves.  In the attack, 100 of the crew were killed and 62 wounded.  Two of Californias crew, Robert R. Scott and Thomas Reeves,  posthumously received the Medal of Honor for the actions during the attack. USS California (BB-44) after sinking on December 7, 1941. Naval History and Heritage Command Salvage work commenced a short time later and on March 25, 1942,  California  was re-floated and moved to dry dock for temporary repairs.  On June 7, it departed under its own power for Puget Sound Navy Yard where it would begin a major modernization program.  Entering the yard, this plan saw significant alterations to the ships superstructure, the trunking of the two funnels into one, improved watertight compartmentalization, expansion of the anti-aircraft defenses, alterations to the secondary armament, and a widening of the hull to increase stability and torpedo protection.  This last change pushed  California  past the beam limitations for the Panama Canal essentially limiting it to wartime service in the Pacific. Rejoining the Fight Departing Puget Sound on January 31, 1944,  California  conducted shakedown cruises  off San Pedro before steaming west to aid in the invasion of the Marianas.  That June, the battleship joined combat operations when it provided fire support during the Battle of Saipan.  On June 14, California sustained a hit from a shore battery which inflicted  minor damage and caused 10 casualties (1 killed, 9 wounded).  In July and August, the battleship aided in the landings on Guam and Tinian.  On August 24, California  arrived at Espiritu Santo for repairs after a minor collision with  Tennessee.  Completed, it then departed for Manus on September 17 to join forces massing for the invasion of the Philippines. USS California (BB-44), 1944. Naval History and Heritage Command Covering  the landings on Leyte between October 17 and 20,  California, part of Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorfs 7th Fleet Support Force, then shifted south to the Surigao Strait.  On the night of October 25, Oldendorf inflicted a decisive defeat on Japanese forces at the Battle of Surigao Strait.  Part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf, the engagement saw several Pearl Harbor veterans exact revenge on the enemy.  Returning to action in early January 1945,  California  provided fire support for the Lingayen Gulf landings on Luzon.  Remaining offshore, it was struck by a kamikaze on January 6 which killed 44 and wounded 155.  Completing operations in the Philippines, the battleship then departed for repairs at Puget Sound. Final Actions In the yard from February through late spring,  California  rejoined the fleet on June 15 when it arrived off Okinawa.  Aiding troops ashore during the final days of the Battle of Okinawa, it then covered minesweeping operations in the East China Sea.  With the end of the war in August,  California  escorted occupation troops to Wakayama, Japan and remained in Japanese waters until mid-October.   Receiving orders to return to the United States, the battleship shaped a course through the Indian Ocean and around the Cape of Good Hope as it was too wide for the Panama Canal.  Touching at Singapore, Colombo, and Cape Town, it arrived at Philadelphia on December 7.  Moved into reserve on August 7, 1946,  California was decommissioned on February 14, 1947.  Retained for twelve years, it was then sold for scrap on March 1, 1959.

Managing Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Human Resources - Essay Example From the study it can be comprehended that the most significant asset in any organization is the employee. As a group or individually the employees play a crucial role towards the success of the company and; therefore, they should be acknowledged. When a business becomes successful, it is because of the influence that the employees have brought to the company. A good management in human resource will guarantee the satisfaction of the employees. It is advantageous to manage employees individually so that their development within the organization is monitored. The management provides all the required resources to the employees so that they can perform their duties well. A reliable human resource sector that works well assists the organization to achieve its strategic goals by acquiring the attention of workers, sustaining them and managing their needs. Every department of human resource strives to do this. Great focus is put on forming an efficient human resource system in a company. M ost of the departments in the companies utilize the human resource to make plans and means of processing formal assignments. The organizations that have unstable managing in human resource sector go through formal disarray and lack of the administrative skills in the staff activities. Human resources are available in any successfully performing organization. The organization should go on despite how large or small the company is, and this essentially depends on the competence and performance of the people it has. ... In the real sense, they should have a similar management. Nonprofits inherently have volunteers, which are human resources that  are not paid. Volunteers are to be managed like  normal  employees. Although they  are not given  money, they are other ways in which they  are compensated  (Carter, 2009). There is a similarity in volunteer and paid  staff  management; therefore, there should be a  clear  specification of the  volunteer’s roles, and their recruitment should be carefully done.  In addition, they should be given  proper  training and  orientation, their organization into  suitable  teams with  appropriate  leaders are  crucial, there should be  performance  monitoring, incase issues regarding performance  arise  they should be addressed, volunteers also need to be motivated through rewarding them for outstanding performance (Carter, 2009). Employees  welfare  regarding risks and liabilities  are considered  by the organization and the same should be considered for the volunteers. The organization should identify the most significant duties it has and then people  are supposed  to be recruited, oriented, prepared and organized so that they can successfully  perform  the identified roles. For a  business  to be successful, the right employees should be allocated the  right  duties at the right time so that they are able to perform their duties with a good attitude. The work of the human resource is, therefore, to get the  qualified  employees. Employees should be fairly compensated for the labor they provide for the organization, therefore, the human  resource  is supposed  to pay the employees (Carter, 2009). Employees

Chain reaction by tere Martinez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chain reaction by tere Martinez - Essay Example The play itself focuses on Antionia Pantoja, a community leader from Puerto Rica and her life’s work. The relationship between Pantoja and her mentor Frank Horne is another key example of mentorship within the play. The two share the same passion and drive, wanting to fight for rights and freedoms. He encourages her plans and this gives her the strength to succeed. With his support, she builds the ASPIRA, a group and a community that supports one another. Through ASPIRA she taught students ways of solving problems, determining what the issues were in their life, the causes and how to go about solving them. In addition, it focused on the cultural background of Puerto Ricans, encouraging them to embrace rather than ignore their heritage. A second relationship of importance in the play is that of Yoiaira and Professor Ramos. Yojaira is a 19 year old student studying at Hostos Community College. She is sarcastic, feeling that she is unable to succeed. While she dreams of being a scientist, she rejects Ramos’ suggestions that this is possible, instead deciding to follow her mother’s desires to be a dentist. Yojaira talks to Ramos about her personal life, the problems that she is experiencing and her plans for the future. It is through this relationship of trust and friendship that Ramos is able to help Yojaria. Because of Ramos’ influence, Yojaira finds in herself the desire to be someone different and it is this desire that causes her to call Hector and agree to meet him. A final crucial relationship within the play is that between Hector and Pantoja. Hector was a member of the ASPIRA group that Pantoja had developed and encouraged. Because of Pantoja’s encouragement, Hector followed a career path that everyone else in his life told him was not possible. Through Pantoja’s work and encouragement he gained substantial strength in himself, and found that he did not have to be ashamed of his heritage, or become an

Use of gis and remote sensing data

Use of gis and remote sensing data INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that only few landscape on earth surface remain unaltered or in their natural state and is due to immerse demographic pressure and anthropogenic activities (Zubair, 2006). Competition between species and human beings has been the leading cause of land cover change in the world. This factor is substantially verified by the conversion of forest land to other uses like farmlands for agriculture, industry urban development, infrastructure, recreation and others. (Brown, 2004) Forest plays an important role in the overall stability of carbon in the atmosphere mitigating or exacerbating the effects of global warming. Therefore, Forest carbon sequestration can help to minimise the raise of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, (Juan and Louis, 2009) It is therefore important to note that forests are counted among the worlds chief carbon sinks contributors. They store more than 289 giga tonnes (Gt) of carbon in their litter, deadwoods and soil and these are more than the carbon found in the atmosphere. Globally, there was decrease in carbon stocks of forest biomes of 0.5 Gt a year between 2000 2010 and was mainly due to deforestation, (FAO, 2010) â€Å"Globally, about 13 million hectares of forests were changed to other uses an some were lost through natural causes each year, that is between 2000 and 2010 as when compared to almost 16 million hectares per year during the 1990s† (FAO, 2010). The biggest losses or the highest net annual loss of forests from 2000 to 2010, are in South America and Africa with four and 3.4 million hectares respectively. On the other hand, a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO, 2010) reveal that generally, the destruction of tropical forest for agricultural activities has decreased over the last ten years, but the rate of deforestation for other activities continues to increase at an alarming high rate. The tropical rain forests are significant component of the climate system and play an important role in the total carbon-dioxide exchange balance of the earths plant cover. McGuffie et al. (1995) suggested that the existence of tropical rain forest has a great influence on regional climate and as such tropical deforestation has been seen to affect the climate of different parts of the world. Tropical forests make up the most diversified ecosystems in the world with the highest biomass per square metre especially in the lowland rain forest (McGuffie et al. 1995). But much of the forest areas have been subjected to continuous depletion as a result of artificial or natural factors. The annual rate of destruction to the rain forest seems to be increasing and could double in the next few decade (Myers, 1992). The tropical rain forest in Nigeria is also undergoing severe exploitation as a result of population growth, urban expansions, mismanagement and socio-economic development. The process of deforestation is mainly caused by clearing of forest land for agricultural activities, logging, fuel wood, mining and industrialization etc. Like most tropical regions of the world, deforestation remain a key issue on environmental, ecological and socio-economic challenge in Nigeria (Uneke and Ibeh, 2009) Nigeria has the highest deforestation rate of primary forests from the revised deforestation figures obtained from Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). Between 2000 and 2005 the country lost 55.5% of its primary forests and contributes 3.3% in the world therefore ranked the world highest rate deforested country. Since 1990 the country has lost a total of 6.1 million hectares or 35.7% of its forest covers and this has result in the lost of its primary or old forest at a faster rate. Since 2000 report have shown that Nigeria is losing at an average of 11% of this primary forest and which has double the rate of 1990s. Moreover, the Nigeria First National Biodiversity Report-NFNBR (2001) estimates the rate of deforestation at about 5% annually compared with 0.6% globally. The major causes of deforestation in Nigeria include corruption, overpopulation, urbanization, population growth, inequitable distribution of wealth, and poverty (Ayodele, 2010).The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has stated that the overwhelming cause of deforestation is agriculture. It stated that subsistence agriculture accounts for 48% of deforestation, while 32% of deforestation results from commercial agriculture. Wood-fuel is said to account for 5%. Forest biomass has remained the most common source of household energy in Nigeria, meeting 80% of domestic energy requirements. In 1992, alone, forest wood and charcoal products were estimated at 55 million tons, suggesting that much forest woods are been used for domestic purposes. According to Choji (2005), more than half of 9.6 million ha of rain forests in the south of Nigeria have been used to meet the demand for fuel wood in rural and urban neighbourhoods. Compared with the costs of petroleum product, fuel wood is cheaper than any commercial fuel substitute and this has, over the years, increased forest depletion. He further noted that this appears to have propounded effect on the environment and the sustainability of the forest. Similarly,(Uyigue and Agho,2007) also noted Logging, urbanization, oil exploitation, subsistence agriculture, and the collection of fuel-wood among all are noted as foremost causes of deforestation in Nigeria. Therefore an attempt will be made in this study to map out the status of changes in the forest areas of Niger Delta Region of Nigeria between 1987 and 2002 using both remote sensing and GIS. Research Question: Is there change in forest cover in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria between 1987 and 2002? Aim: To identify and map out changes in forest cover of Niger Delta Region Nigeria and adopt suitable methods in detecting such changes using remote sensing data and GIS techniques Objectives: * To analyze the Spatio-Temporal change in forest cover using classification methods * To apply different change detection techniques and identify changes in forest cover * To map out areas of changes * To analyze the effects of land cover change in the region and to suggest some recommendations. THE STUDY AREA The study area is located in the Atlantic coastline of southern Nigeria 5 °30N 6 °30s. Niger Delta region falls within the tropical rain forest zone of the world. Its named as the second largest delta in the world occupying about 450 kilometres spanning coastline. The region is describes as largest wetland in Africa and covers over 2000 square kilometres that mainly consists of lakes, rivers and creeks. Ecosystem is diverse and highly supportive to numerous species both aquatic and terrestrial and human life, (Uyigue and Agho, 2007). The region is vegetation cover is mainly swamp forest which can be further divided into two classes; the Mangrove and the fresh water forest. The Mangrove spanning around 1900 square kilometres and the largest in Africa,(Uyigue and Agho,2007). The main features of its geography include extreme blocks of luxuriant high forest that occur in the region. It has the largest ply-wood and veneer plants in West Africa and has known as a centre for saw milling. The area consist of three types of forest strata of tree tall (120m high), moderate (50m 100m) and those below 50m.Some common trees found in the area are obeche, abura, sepele and mahogany. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/523642/Sapele States found around the region include Niger Delta, Port Harcourt to south western states Oyo, Osun and Lagos state. The region has heavy precipitation of between 1824 millimetres and over 4000 millimetres along the coast. Rainfall falls throughout the year with a shorter break in August and longer one from December to January. Trade winds originated from Atlantic Ocean of the southern part of the country is responsible for Nigerian rainy seasons Nigeria. The region has an equatorial monsoon climate; temperature ranges between 28 °C (82.4 °F) and 26 °C (78.8 °F) (Wikipedia). Map showing the location of the study area LITERATURE REVIEW Landsat is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in monitoring global change and is primary source of medium spatial resolution earth observation used in decision making (Gyanesh Chandera et al., 2009). Remote sensed imagery provides accurate understanding and comprehensive way of modelling and projecting land change (Elvidge et al., 2004) With the introduction of landSat5 1984 and landSat7 ETM+ 2002, this has marked a significant advance in remote sensing through obtaining more sophisticated advance sensor; improve acquisition and transmission of data and more rapid processing at a highly processing facility (Gyanesh Chandera et al., 2009). Change Detection is one of the main applications of remote sensed data. A considerable amount of literatures has been published by the researchers in trying to quantify and assess land cover change detection Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the state on an object or phenomena by observing it at different times, over a certain period of time. (Singh, 1989) cited in (Lu et. al., 2004) A quite number of change detection techniques have been summarised by many authors in an attempt to find out land cover changes over time. Lu et al., (2004) categorizes these techniques into seven classes ranging from simple algebras to more complex and advance ones namely; Algebra which include image rationing, image differencing vegetation index differencing, Change vector analysis, others in the category includes transformations, classifications, Advance models, Biophysical parameter methods and those that involve the combination of both GIS and remote sensing data for analysis Change detection have gained wide range of application in the field land use land cover change; Peiju et al., (2010), reported to have used multi- temporal remote sensing Landsat TM to monitored urban land cover and vegetation change in Xuzhon city between 1987 2007, the result of the statistical analysis show that build up areas have obviously increase while farmland have seen in a continuous loss due to urban growth and human activities. Zubair (2006) detects changes in land use land cover in Kwara state Nigeria between 1972 1nd 2001 using change detection techniques of GIS and remote sensing data, the result of the analysis show that there was rapid growth in the built up areas and was a result of population pressure. He noted that there was steady reduction in forest cover in the study area and further predicts continues loss in subsequent years. Chen, 2002, noted the use of GIS and remote sensing techniques and monitors changes along the coastline zone of Korea, the result of t he study show that both human and natural factors are responsible for the change and this has on the other hand impacted the sustainable development of the region. Janifer et al., 2010, monitors forest change in the landscapes area of Chile between 1975 and 2008, the result of the study show an average rate Deforestation was -1.7% and shrub land -0.7%, however agriculture and timber plantations increased at annual rate of 1.1% and 3.3% respectively. The study concludes there is progressive lost of forest cover in the region. Moreover, in the field of Urban and environmental change; George et al., (2009), used Landsat imagery change detection methods in updating the 2001 national land cover database land cover classification to 2006, conservative thresholds based on Anderson level 1 classes were used to segregate the change vectors and determine areas of change and no change. An accuracy of 83.225% of the five selected areas achieved. Woodcock et al., (2001) noted Landsat in detecting environmental change over time, the study makes use of generalization method in monitoring large areas for forest change and conclude that method is state-of-the earth as other methods and consumes less time as other conventional methods Change detection in the field of forest or vegetation change includes the work of Chengquan et al., (2009), in the assessment of Paraguays forest cover change using Landsat observation of high resolution image showed that Atlantic forest ecosystem experienced the most loss with the 73.4% forest cover in the 1970s decreasing precipitously down to 40.4% by the 1990s and further down to 24.9% by the year 2000. Rasuly et al., 2010, noted the advantage of using GIS and remote sensing techniques to monitor the rate of forest alterations in the Arasbaran protected area using various methods, the result of the study show that about 6146.9 hectares of the area has being deforested over the past 18 years, in cooperating with the GIS also show that the lost was due to physiographic factors and they suggest to distant settlements from the protected area. Similarly Li et al., 2011, noted the advantage of Landsat Lider fusion for modelling the height of young forest. Schlerf and Atzberger (2005), estimates the structural canopy variables using hyper spectral remote sensing data INFORM â€Å"Invertible forest Reflectance Model†. Main advantage of this method is that it does not require previous calibration. Olthot el al., (2004) map out deciduous forest of ice storm damage using Landsat and environmental data in the east of Ontario, the study show a limitation in the difficulty of both remote sensing and environmental data to discriminate many levels of the deciduous ice damage, however it can be consider as a useful technique in differentiating areas of low to medium damage from the severe damage. An overall accuracy of 69% was achieved. Mapedza et al., 2003, investigate s land cover change of the forest reserve area of Mafungautsi Zimbabwe, the study show that whilst forest cover within the reserve remain the same, but however there is steadily decline outs its boundaries as a result of agricultural expansions, the collection of fuel wood and building materials demand 3.0 METHODOLOGY Pair of multi- temporal cloud free Landsat images was selected to classify the study area; 1987 and 2002, the image of image 1987 was Landsat 5 TM and the other Landsat 7 ETM+. The images were downloaded from GLCF websites in different layers and will be layer stack together using ERDAS Imagery 9.2. A subset will be collected and image enhancement is to apply using Histogram equalised to visualised features more clearly. The images were geo-reference to Universal transverse Mercator (WGS84 zone 32), and a common geo-link window covering the same geographical coordinates were then extracted from each image 3.1.1IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES: Digital image processing is classified into three classes which includes; pre-processing phase, processing phase and the post-processing phase. The pre-processing phase is the first stage in the processing technique, it involves correction of data through various means and techniques, different types of errors that are associated with any satellite images includes; geometrical error, atmospheric error and radiometric error. Geometric correction is a technique used to correct errors that are usually induced by sensor viewing, geometry and terrain variations, it involves correcting spatial distortion in an image due to earth curvature, atmosphere etc and thus giving it a real world coordinate system. The two images to be used in this study will not undergo the pre-processing phase because the two images obtained are ortho-rectified. The processing stages involve manipulation of images through the spatial enhancement and the spectral enhancement techniques. Image Enhancement; the procedure is applied in order to display effectively the tonal distinctions within various features display in the image. It normally involves techniques for increasing the visual distinctions between features to assists in visual interpretation and analysis. (lillesand et al., 2008 p482 ) Histogram -equalised stretch is going to apply to expand the DN values and also enhance the quality of the features in the image so that radiometric detail is enhanced. (Lillesand et al., 2008) 3.1.1 CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS Supervised classification, using maximum likelihood algorithm is going to be used, supervised classification requires selection of sufficient training sample which are subsequently used to assign image pixels to the training samples that best fits the corresponding data, it separately classifies multi-temporal images, pixel by pixel. Supervised classification requires an immense amount of time and know-how in creating classified products. Moreover, the final accuracy depends upon on the value of the classified image of each date. Yueling and Xu (2010),reported to have used supervised classification technique in monitoring and driving force analysis of urban expansion in Guangzau City China and the result of the outcome shows an annual 19.7% growth rate. Post-classification comparison (PCC), is another important method that is recognized as the most effective and accurate method of detecting changes in mages with different dates and registry, the algorithm is capable of comparing the classified images pixel by pixel. The use of PCC is thus reduces the environmental and atmospheric effects associated with the temporal images and thus provide a complete change matrix (Lu et al., 2004). Accuracy assessment is the overall accuracy of the work done; it shows the proportion of ground sampling points that are correctly classified. The user accuracy shows the proportion of classified pixels in according with the actual ground types as taken from the ground truth testing data. Accuracy assessment allows you to evaluate a classified image file (Thematic raster layer). 3.1.2 CHANGE DETECTION TECHNIQUES: Change detection techniques is useful in a wide variety of applications such as; land use change analysis, monitoring shifting cultivation, assessment of deforestation etc. change detection techniques to be used for this studies will include; change vector analysis, image ratios and image differencing. These techniques have the ability to calculate area change, change rate as well as the spatial distribution changes. These techniques will involve computing the area covered by each of the two supervised classified images from the two data sources independently and compare between the two images for increase or decrease in changes that have occurred in terms of forest change cover (Lu et al., 2004). Change vector analysis is a technique that generates two outputs, the first output produced is on spectral change from the first to the second image and the second output will produce the total change magnitude per pixel, Change vector analysis is computed by determining the Euclidean distance between end points through n-dimensional change space (Lu et al., 2004). Its main advantage in terms of analyzing change detection is its ability to process any number of spectral bands desired by the analyst and capable of producing in detailed of change detection information as it defines threshold and identify change trajectories which is a good way to calculate percentage rate of change that has occurred in a particular studies. Moreover the direction of the spectral change is often relates to that type of change that had occurred (Lillesand et al., 2008). Method was used by Allen and Kupfer (2000) in conifer forest change detection. Image differencing is a change detection technique that will be used in this research to extract more information regarding the changes that have occurred in the study area; image differencing subtracts the first date image from the second date image, pixel by pixel to show the changes within the two dated images, it identifies suitable image bands and thresholds. Image differencing usually yields a better results when carried out on the intensity bands generated by transforming the RGB data sets into IHS color space. Singh (1986) applied this method in tropical forest change, similarly (Jha and Unni 1994) in forest conservation change detection. Image ratio is going to be applied because it is a simple way of trying to extract useful information from TM imagery. With image ratio technique, intensities of reflected energy recorded in one band for the pixel of a satellite images are divided by intensities in the same band for the other rectified images. Image ratios describe the color of an object, although the color only corresponds to human perception when the three visible bands of red, green and blue are considered. Image ratio is prepared by dividing the digital number in one band by the corresponding digital number in another band for each pixel, thus stretching the resulting values, and plotting the new values as an image rationing is an effective way of visualizing different types of soils because the main spectral differences in the visible and near infrared spectral regions are found in the slope of the reflectivity curves. It calculates the related quantity of registered images of different two dates pixel by pixel. Ratios for changed areas have higher values or lower ratio values whereas an area of no change tends to move towards one (1). An important advantage of this method is it tends s to normalize the impact of sun angle and shadow which has been caused as a result of external factors. (Lillesand et al., 2008 p596) Method has being used in land use mapping and change detection by Prakash and Gupta (1998) Finally, overlay operations would be made to see the changes that occur in the region. And Data is exported to GIS data base for map production. The above figure show a change detection procedure for the Landsat Images would undergo during the analysis.

Play Observation Essay

Kiahi a boy of about 3 years old was playing alone stood on a small hill of dirt , at first it looked like her was just looking at the other kids play. When I kept looking at him to see if he was just going to continue to doing nothing, but watch the other children I noticed that he was standing there like a solider tall and with determination on his face. With his hand to his forehead looking about as the other children ran around. After a while I see that he is pointing to his class mates at random and looks to be giving directions, more like orders, of some sort, although no one is paying attention. After giving off orders in a solider like manner he nods his head, as though satisfied with himself and his team though it was just him playing, and pulls out some kind of black/sliver rectangular key chain object out of his shirt pocket. He clicks on it, as if it had buttons, brings it up to his ear and talks and nods, he’s using it as a cell phone. After he is done he clicks i t again to end the call and puts it back to his pocket. Then he just runs off the hill and goes plays at the play structure, as if what he just did never happened. At first I thought Kiahi was engaging in unoccupied play, because to me it looked as if he was doing nothing at all but just looking at what everyone else was doing. As I kept observing him it looked to him that his was doing solitary play. Playing out a role of someone with authorization giving out orders, and taking calls. It was solitary because no one else was engaging with him in is play even though he pointed out to other kids when giving off orders no one paid him attention. Sophia a girl of about 4 years old with a temperament of a being shy and quite, wasn’t playing with anybody else. She was reluctant to join anybody for play. After a while Sophia looks to have acquired a play mate Elena a soft spoken 3 years old, though in some occasions I did hear her be a little louder towards other kids, they are playing in the sand box. It looks like they are playing kitchen; cooking, serving, cutting and cleaning. Throughout the play not a word was spoken, but they seemed to communicate in their own silent way. After a while Sophia and Elena moved to play with the balls, when Sophia would turn her back on the ball and it rolled away from her instead of calling out to Sophia to get the ball Elena runs after the ball and gives it back to Sophia in her hands and points to the baskets behind her. In a silent gesture to throw the ball at the basket. I found these  girls interesting because I’ve observed them for a while during the morning time when dropped off up until free play outside. I know for a fact that both girls speak Elena even yells at times when kids don’t pay attention for following the rules. Sophia is new to the pre-school program at Head Start and cries when her Mom, as Ms.Perla informed me, leaves her but just for a few minutes. It takes Sophia a few hours to get into play with actual words being spoken. Elena is a sweet little that separated from her little group of friends to play with Sophia and to me it looked as if Elena understood Sophia not wanting to speak, seeing as Elena ever attempted to say a single word to her. At first Sophia was engaging in solitary play, playing on her own on the play structure. In the sand box Sophia and Elena cooperative playing, even though they didn’t say a word, the worked together to prepare, cook and serve a meal and clean up after they were done. They had a common goal in playing kitchen. After that they played with the balls which turned to associative play still playing together but without a common goal because Sophia wasn’t as engaged as Elena in trying to play basketball.

Age of Consent in Canada

Beginning May 1, 2008, the age of sexual consent in Canada is 16 years old. The age of consent in Canada is the age at which the criminal law recognizes the legal capacity of a young person to consent to sexual activity. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, anyone under the age of 16 cannot legally consent to any form of sexual activity, from kissing to intercourse. It means that adults are criminally liable if they have sex with someone under that age. The offense carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison. The law has a close-in-age exemption of less than five years, which permits teens to engage in consensual sex with a partner who is less than five years older, as long as the older partner is not in a position of trust or authority and the relationship is not exploitive. The age of protection for exploitive sexual activity, such as sexual activity involving prostitution, pornography, or a relationship of trust, is 18. The age of consent for anal sex is also 18.

The Growth And Development Of The Human Skeleton Requires...

The growth and development of the human skeleton requires an adequate supply of many different nutritional factors. Classical nutrient deficiencies are associated with stunting (e.g. energy, protein, Zn), rickets (e.g. vitamin D) and other bone abnormalities. In recent years there has been interest in the role nutrition may play in bone growth at intakes above those required to prevent classical deficiencies, particularly in relation to optimizing peak bone mass and minimizing osteoporosis risk. There is evidence to suggest that peak bone mass and later fracture risk are influenced by the pattern of growth in childhood and by nutritional exposures in utero, in infancy and during childhood and adolescence. Of the individual nutrients, particular attention has been paid to Ca, vitamin D, protein and P. There has also been interest in several food groups, particularly dairy products, fruit and vegetables and foods contributing to acid–base balance. However, it is not possible at the present time to define dietary reference values using bone health as a criterion, and the question of what type of diet constitutes the best support for optimal bone growth and development remains open. As to the 17 month old male toddler that is brought in by the parents, is noticed crawling around on the floor while parents are preparing a snack of Dorito chips and bottle of juice substitute and the weight in the chart starts 32lbs. Subjective data are sensations or symptoms example pain andShow MoreRelatedCase Study About Pneumonia10478 Words   |  42 Pagesnosocomial), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia. Those at risk for pneumonia often have chronic underlying disorders, severe acute illness, a suppressed immune system from disease or medications, immobility, and other factors that interfere with normal lung protective mechanisms. The organisms that cause Pneumonia may vary. Community-acquired pneumonia may be caused by Streptococcuspneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumonia, InfluenzaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCentury †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History